Best Blog 2021

This is a basic article on how modern hair transplantation works with a little review of the history of hair restoration to understand how far we have come today. When many of my patients come to see me, they are simply confused about how a hair transplant works and what they need to do to maintain their result over time.

Let’s go back to the beginning. Back in 1939 and 1942, Okuda and Tamura in Japan found that hair transplanted from behind to restore pubic hair loss would survive and grow. Due to public bathing rituals in Japan and a disease state in young Asian women suffering from pubic hair loss, this type of transplant proved to be an important step in knowing that hair transplanted from one area of ​​the body to another would thrive and survive. . However, it was not until the famous New York dermatologist Norman Orentreich in the 1950s that we knew that moving hair from the back of the head to the front of the head where there is baldness would not be lost over time as they original hair there. He called this phenomenon “donor dominance”, meaning that the hairs moving from the back of the head to an area of ​​genetic susceptibility to hair loss would preserve the properties of the donor hair and not be lost over time. This was the brilliant breakthrough we needed to know that the results continued to survive despite being transplanted into an area predisposed to hair loss.

If you are wondering why is hair on the back not susceptible to hair loss? Only God knows. However, that is the case. Think of the baldest man you know (who has not shaved his hair on the back of his head). He still has a piece of hair out there. Even the baldest man has a restrained horseshoe on the back of his head. The only trick when performing a hair transplant is then to know which area is “safe” for transplantation, ie. which area over time is not lost as the person gets older. This is a major reason why it can be problematic to transplant a person at the age of 20 years. We simply do not know how much hair on the back of the head does not fall out over time. Plus, we can simply run out of donor hair to transplant the head in front and maintain a natural result as more hairs (that were not transplanted) fall out as one gets older.

This verdict is really one of the most important characteristics that distinguishes an experienced hair transplant surgeon from a novice. It is a major prerequisite for performing safe hair transplant work to know who to operate on (that is, who is safe and who is not). With the laws of supply and demand, a person who has an enormous donor density, ie. there are many hair follicles per. Square centimeters in the donor area, in many cases cover a huge degree of baldness naturally and impressively. A surgeon’s use of grafts wisely in a good pattern distribution with good angulation will help ensure that the result is both natural and close considering a particular person’s degree of hair loss and usable donor hair supply.

The second question often asked is “Will the transplanted hair be like the other hairs I have there that were not transplanted? Will I cut it the same way as my other hairs?” The answer is an emphatic yes. I further explain that a hair transplant procedure simply moves hair from one side of the head to the other like taking a flower out of a pot and moving it to another. It will grow in its new environment just like in the previous one. Although the number of transplanted mesotherapie haar does not exactly match the lost hair, the surgeon can, using good technique, make 5,000 transplanted hairs (a typically large session) look like 50,000 lost hairs (the beginning of hair loss to the point that baldness becomes apparent.)

A hair transplant is a method of dealing with hair loss. It is the most successful remedy for baldness, especially male pattern baldness. Since the procedure was introduced by Dr. Norman Orentreich in the 1950s, hair transplants have been the preferred medical treatment for baldness worldwide. Since their introduction, millions of men have had their bfaldness problem solved permanently through the hair transplant process.

The way a hair transplant works is quite simple. Even men suffering from the most severe male pattern baldness, ranging from overhead to crown, maintain a horseshoe-shaped area above the ears and around the back of the head where hair is never lost. The hair follicles in this area are programmed to grow during the individual’s lifetime, just as the hair in the bald areas was programmed to fall out. The follicles from the back of the head will continue to grow hair indefinitely, even when transplanted into a bald or bald area of ​​the scalp.

Most men grow enough hair on the back of the scalp to provide grafts or plugs of hair that can be moved or transplanted to the bald areas. In a series of surgical procedures, the transplants are distributed over the bald area. Not only can this technique cover a bald scalp, but it can also restore the hair to a completely natural look. Because the hair physically belongs to the individual, the natural color and texture will match any remaining hair after the transplant is complete.

Although most men who suffer from male pattern baldness are potential candidates for hair restoration through transplant techniques, several evaluations must be made by the surgeon and the potential hair transplant recipient before the actual beginning of the procedures.

One of the most crucial elements in the success of a transplant program is the physician’s assessment of the patient’s current and future pattern of baldness. From this evaluation, a program can be designed that will be successful for the individual.

The first step in determining a candidate’s potential for a hair transplant procedure is the availability of donor power. There should be enough of the patient’s remaining hair to deliver donor grafts from areas that are unlikely to become bald, both for current baldness and for areas that may be bald in the future. The hair in the donor areas should be thick enough to give a reasonably good appearance after the transplant. Within a donor graft of four millimeters, no less than eight to twenty healthy hairs should grow. Areas where hair has become extremely fine, or where hair does not grow, may indicate impending baldness for the particular site, which is an indication that donor transplants would not be available there.

The actual age and degree of baldness of the potential recipient are also important considerations in the decisions made by either the surgeon or the candidate regarding mesotherapie haar transplants. The patient should be at an age where the physician can clearly see the future pattern of baldness for a younger man. Many surgeons examine images of patients’ family members to determine a developmental pattern of baldness. A careful examination is very important so that donor grafts are not taken from areas that are potentially bald. Such an evaluation will also ensure that there are sufficient donors available to cover the ultimate extent of baldness. Advanced age is rarely a factor in the assessment if the candidate’s general health is good.

Hair and scalp color as well as hair texture are also all considerations. The candidate for a hair transplant should be made aware of the final results that can be expected based on the natural tendencies of the hair. Within the natural limits of the existing hair itself, the hair will be as close as possible to its original appearance. The physician and the potential patient must be fully aware that a return to the appearance of the young hair is an impossible fantasy that cannot be achieved through a hair transplant procedure.

The advancement of technology in recent times has brought about many changes in the field of medical science. A clear and simple example of such improved technology is laser eye surgery. Laser eye surgery is becoming a very popular method of correcting eye problems. More and more people are going into laser eye surgery all over the world as it is considered to be safe and highly productive.

Laser eye surgery refers to the use of high quality and high precision laser called Excimer. It is used to cut the corneal tissue in the eye to help the light rays refract properly and fall exactly on the retina. This procedure helps to easily remove blurred vision, farsightedness, short-sightedness and other vision problems with the eye. There are many things to consider before deciding whether laser eye surgery is the right choice for a patient. Laser eye surgery is a surgical procedure and should be contacted in the same way as any other surgery one may have. There can be many complications before spatader behandeling. However, the complication rate of laser eye surgery is only five percent. Thus, the procedure becomes safe and provides minimal chances of failure.

Laser eye surgery can not guarantee a sight of thieves with thieves. However, it certainly helps to cause a drastic improvement of the vision in the eye. The need for glasses and contact lenses is reduced. A person is able to live a normal life and perform daily activities like driving and reading after laser eye surgery in most cases.

However, laser eye surgery can have a few side effects. Eye irritation, overcorrection, under correction are some complications that can occur. These are commonly known as side effects and usually occur after surgery. Eventually, these side effects disappear and normal vision is restored.

Laser eye surgery has been tested and tested during its 23 years of existence. Over 36,000,000 LASIK procedures have been performed worldwide and no one has lost sight of having the procedure. The risk associated with laser eye surgery is less than that associated with contact lenses, and as far as infection is concerned, it represents a small one-off risk as opposed to the ongoing risk of contact infection.

The safety of laser eye surgery has been experimented with and assessed by governments and military organizations such as the US Navy, the Australian Army and NASA. Their studies show that leafless LASIK (ie creating a corneal flap with a femtosecond laser) is safe and approved for SAS, Top Gun pilots and NASA astronauts.

Professional athletes have also used laser eye surgery to ensure their best performance on the court. This includes athletes like Tiger Woods and David Beckham, whose sync correction procedures undoubtedly allow them to perform at its peak.

Despite having such a unique safety profile, however, laser eye surgery is still surgery and will therefore always have the potential for complications. Such complications are generally rare and always manageable, which I will discuss below.

Improvement:
LASIK surgery is performed on the eye, an organic tissue. Although the procedure is extremely accurate, there is an average 3-4% risk that the correction will be decent, but not absolutely optimal. In these cases, I usually wait about 3 months to ensure the stability of the remaining spectacle prescription, and then lift the same corneal flap that was created earlier to “fine-tune” the result of the procedure. These improvements are minor corrections and are therefore more accurate. A major benefit of laser eye surgery is that even though it is very stable in the long run, should anyone experience a refractive shift in their vision, improvements like these may be at almost any time in the future.

Risk of infection:
As mentioned before, the rate of infection as a result of laser eye surgery procedures is extremely low, far less than infections caused by contact lenses. Corneal formation due to infection occurs even less than this at a rate of less than 1 in 20,000. Even if this happens, a corneal transplant is correct. As a horn specialist, I have performed many corneal transplants, but have never had to perform one for this reason.

Problems with the cornea:
Blade LASIK introduced the risk of creating an abnormal flap (such as a buttonhole flap). However, leafless (femtosecond laser) LASIK completely eliminates this risk, and because of this improved safety, it is the only form of laser eye surgery I perform.

In knife-free laser eye spatader behandeling, inflammation can sometimes occur under the flap (this is called diffuse lamellar keratitis) and can be controlled by an increase in anti-inflammatory eye drops. If the cells on the cornea grow (epithelium – a very rare occurrence), they will generally absorb and disappear. If they ever spread, the flap can be lifted and the insulting cells removed.

Dry eyes:
Temporary dry eye phenomenon occurs when the nerves on the cornea are cut, which occurs during laser eye surgery. It can take about 3 months for these nerves to regenerate. During this time, I would recommend refilling the tear film with lubricant drops.

Ectasia:
Fortunately, Ectasia is a very rare event where laser vision correction causes the cornea to become too pliable and therefore bulges forward over time. Extreme cases of ectasia have been corrected by corneal transplantation, but fortunately, preoperative screening of patients has increased in accuracy, meaning that candidates unsuitable for laser eye surgery are almost always identified before the procedure. Recent advances in the technique of collagen cross-linking also allow us to stop this rare complication from progressing, allowing the patient to maintain their vision while avoiding a corneal transplant. I am one of the few eye surgeons in Australia who has experience with this and can perform it in my surgery, but I have never needed to perform it on my own patients.

Dazzling and halos:
After the procedure, patients sometimes see starbursts or halos around lights at night. This is most often due to the corneal flap dehydrating and stabilizing, and it is rare to see this phenomenon last longer than approx. one week.

The risk of laser eye surgery can be very low. It is impossible to say that there is absolutely no chance of an infection occurring or that there is no risk at all. No doctor or surgeon can ever say that about any kind of surgery. However, there are minimal with laser eye surgery and very few cases where something has ever gone wrong. If you or someone in your family needs to undergo laser eye surgery, you will obviously be a little nervous or worried beforehand. This is natural. However, you can be sure that the procedure is fast and performed by experienced professionals who know what they are doing.

When you go for laser eye surgery, you may not feel pain. The procedure does not hurt and usually only takes a few minutes on each eye. Once the surgery is complete, you may well get eye drops that are designed to prevent an infection. You can also have a pair of glasses or goggles to wear for a few days after surgery. An infection that occurs in the eye is the most likely problem that can occur, but if you follow the instructions given to you by your doctor and use the eye drops as prescribed, the chances of developing an infection are greatly reduced. After the operation, visit the ophthalmologist a few more times so that they can check that everything is working as it should and that there are no problems with the eyes. If something is wrong, it is detected early, which means that a solution can be found and the problem solved immediately.

There are a number of conditions that can be treated with laser eye surgery. From relatively small conditions such as dry eye syndrome (when you have a tear duct problem) and blepharospasm (which is the involuntary feature of the eye) to serious problems such as macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. If some eye disorders are not treated, the end result may be partial or complete blindness. It is always better to consider laser eye surgery to solve the problems. When it comes to vision, it is simply not worth the risk, and it is very risky to leave a serious condition untreated, much more than having surgery.

You can talk to a doctor and discuss the options available and take the time to find a hospital that you like the look of. You can take the time to discuss the treatments and even perform your own background check – all to calm your mind. Although it may sound like a very serious operation, laser eye surgery only takes a few minutes. You can get in and out of the hospital in under an hour. Some anesthetic will be used in the procedure, and after the surgery is completed, you may need to rest in the hospital for about 30 minutes so that it can be worn. The operation is performed outpatient, so you can then go home. Some patients are back at work the following day. There may be a few days where you need to rest your eyes and avoid straining them, but otherwise life can pretty much go on as normal.

As with any type of spatader behandeling, it is impossible to say that there is no risk. There are risks associated with laser eye surgery, but only very small risks. Being able to correct conditions such as cataracts or wet AMD far outweighs the risks involved in the procedure. Whether you want treatment for blepharospasm or need to repair lost vision from cataracts, you should not worry about possible laser eye surgical risks and instead just go for it.

Hair restoration or hair transplantation is a surgical procedure to solve baldness and hair loss problems in men and women. It is one of the most common methods on the market and very popular. It is a truth that many men and women face this troubling situation in life. There is no option but the latest chemical or surgical procedures designed to restore a person’s scalp back to its natural and growing state. However, these promises are not without their opponents and critics.

Learn about the best procedure for hair transplantation.
A hair transplant is a surgical transplant of hair from other parts of the body to the top of the head. It works by using the permanent fringe hair around the back and sides of the scalp. This hair area, especially in those who suffer from male pattern baldness, is called donor-dominated hair. Donor-dominant hair has the ability to grow on any bald area where it is transplanted. The newest and most successful transplant method is called follicular unit transplantation (FUE). This recent advancement in hair transplant surgery is far better than the traditional method. Smaller cuts and more precise placement of the hair follicles allow the hair to grow thicker and closer together than the old methods. Tissue is prepared and trimmed under powerful microscopes, allowing the surgeon to place multiple transplants per day. Square inches. The hair follicles are carefully harvested by the highly trained and skilled hair restoration surgery.

Procedures:
Hair transplant surgery is an outpatient procedure and patients undergo local anesthesia before surgery begins. After the anesthesia has been administered, the transplant surgeon removes follicles and hair growth from the donor’s dominant spots on the body and divides them into individual grafts. Transplants can contain from one or two hairs (microtransplants) to six hairs (mini-grafts). Once the grafts are prepared, they are inserted under the baldness area and left to grow new spots. The procedure lasts about six to eight hours at a time and in most cases should be spread over more than one visit until the entire area is covered. By also having the recipient as a donor, the event of lifelong dosing of anti-rejection medication is significantly reduced. The amount of grafts is completely dependent on the extent of baldness and hair type (thick, thin, curly, etc.) of the patient.

After surgery:
Hair transplant surgery does not have immediate results. When the operation is performed, the hair falls out of the follicles. This does not mean that the operation failed; it is only part of the process. During the first ten days, almost all of the transplanted hairs, inevitably traumatized by their movement, will fall out (“shock loss”). After two to three months, new hair begins to grow from the moved follicles. The patient’s hair grows normally and continues to thicken over the next six to nine months. Any subsequent haargroeimiddelen in women is likely to come only from untreated areas. Some patients choose to use medication to delay such a loss, while others plan a subsequent transplant procedure to deal with this eventuality.

Investigate and choose a unique hair transplant surgeon:
The skilled, talented and experienced hair transplant surgeons vary widely, as do their results. It is very important that you choose your doctor carefully as your results will last a lifetime. Be sure to ask around, do some research and choose a surgery that has skill and experience with the latest transplant techniques. Be patient, in a year or so no one will remember that you were once bald.

Experiments performed by the hair transplant surgeon Dr Seager in 1996 gave considerable faith in the surgical technique for unit follicular hair transplantation. As these experiments had shown that the survival rate of intact follicular unit was better than the single-haired microhair grafts, the use of microtransplants for hair transplant surgery more or less decreased.
Although the results of surgical hair restoration using follicular unit transplants were healthy and aesthetically pleasing, this type of hair transplant surgery suffered the disadvantage that it required a long period (6-8 hours) to complete a transplant session. It involved team of highly qualified assistants for the hair transplant procedure with separation of follicular units. As the procedure required a long time and a lot of skill, the procedure proved to be very expensive for the patient. The surgical damage caused to the follicle when two follicular units that were extremely close together were dissected apart also began to affect the results of hair restoration surgery.

A reduced success with follicular unit transplantation was more frequent in hair restoration surgeries performed only by hair transplant surgeons who only rarely performed follicular unit transplantation. Facts was very concerned about the professional hair transplant surgeon. The primary reason for a reduced success rate was that the assistants of the hair transplant surgeon lacked expertise and experience in properly isolating single follicular devices and dissecting them at a rapid pace.

It is important to increase the chances that the hair follicles survive the process and grow, that it is ensured that the follicular unit remains intact and dissected and implanted in the scalp. But every time an assistant was unable to take care of this important aspect, it affected the results.

For the above reasons, a technique that leaves the follicular unit intact but at the same time advocates the use of three- and four-haired follicular groupings for surgical hair restoration was developed by the innovative hair transplant surgeons. This procedure proved to have many advantages over follicular unit transplantation.

A single hair follicular unit does not necessarily comprise a single hair and may contain 2-4 hairs in a single hole. When follicular units are found very close together in the donor skin sample, it is not recommended to separate them as it may cause iatrogenic damage to them. The advantage of this fact is assumed to form three- and four-haired groupings when 2 two-haargroeimiddelen follicular units or a three-haired unit and one-haired unit are naturally located very close to each other. A group (of 1-4 follicular units that are naturally located close to each other) transplanted as a single graft results in superior hair growth while reducing surgical damage and trauma at the recipient site.

The hair transplant procedure using natural groups for hair transplant surgery has many benefits:

1. It results in much faster hair transplant procedure as it saves time to separate each follicular unit and less time is required for their placement.
2. Hair transplant procedure prevents iatrogenic damage to follicular units during the dissection phase.
3. It reduces iatrogenic damage during the placement phase because follicular groupings are not as fragile as follicular units due to more tissue attached to them.
4. As this hair transplant procedure proceeds faster, it allows the grafts to be left out of the body for a shorter period of time and increases their survival rate.

The last but not least important benefit of this hair transplant procedure is that it reduces the cost of hair transplant surgery and is there at an affordable price for the patient.

In addition to the above benefits, the technique of grouping the hair follicles can serve as a crucial tool in the hands of an expert hair transplant surgeon to create wonders through hair restoration surgery! Success and a natural hair transplant require strategic planning! The grouping technique does not undermine the importance of a single follicular hair transplant, but actually compliments it by preserving multiple single-haired follicular units to define the hairline. The 2-haired follicular groups can be used for grading in the area immediately posterior to the hairline and the use of denser, but not larger, 3 hair groups to give the hair density to the bald scalp behind.

Is it correct to say that you experience male pattern baldness?

OR

Does the hair accident affect your mental peace?

At that point, here is an answer to your problem. With hair transplantation and hair rebuilding strategies now available, you do not have to worry.

With declining hairline encouraging baldness, it has become a significant concern among young people, especially men and occasionally also women. Baldness resembles a dreaded disease that one needs to get rid of at all costs. For this, individuals are prepared to spend their entire fortune.

Hair reconstruction is a system that gets prominent space. It is also used to restore eyebrows and eyelashes. Hair transplant clinics have achieved great success in Harley Street, London. Hair transplantation has achieved an incredible feat in rebuilding the common hairline and can stop baldness for men.

Be it a layman or a celebrity, one is constantly aware of their appearance. The big names, who are a familiar face perceived all over the globe, need to be reliable with their everyday exercises and their social behavior and point of view.

With the paparazzi constantly paying attention to a few news, it is equally important to maintain a screenshot in real. Also in terms of baldness or reduction of hair, it becomes a real sympathy towards them.

Big name individual hair transplant is constantly on the news. From football players from prestigious groups to gourmet specialists from famous reality shows like Gordon Ramsay has experienced balding medicine. Wayne Rooney, the famous footballer at Manchester United, chose to take steps towards his pulling hairline. The 26-year-old experienced Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) at a facility in London.

Still, one should start thinking about baldness: ‘Why is this happening?’ before trying hair transplant or corrective surgery.

Hair transplantation is performed by collecting dihyrotestosterone or DHT-safe hair from the back of your own scalp and then transplanting it into the thinning zones and where the hair is generally withdrawn. Hair restoration includes therapeutic and surgical systems for various manifestations of baldness. The most well-known cause of male pattern baldness is androgenic alopecia, otherwise called male / female thrift. Perfect candidacy for hair transplant surgery obliges the person to have adequate hair thickness, benefactor hair strength and legitimate scalp flexibility. This is on the grounds that the surgery must be done with the hair of understanding. In case the contributor’s haaruitval is taken from the other person’s scalp, it does not suit him / her and will just cause frugality again.

Hair transplantation has two types of strategies: –

• Follicular unit transplantation (FUT)

• Extraction of follicular unit (FUE)

Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) is an insignificantly intrusive hair transplant strategy in which follicular units are expelled exclusively from the persistent donor region and transplanted to the recipient area. The dressings are evacuated by means of a mechanized extraction apparatus and then placed in the receiving zone. Unlike the usual follicular unit transplant (FUT) transplant, which used stripping systems, FUE uses follicular units that contain 1-4 hair follicles, which are then transplanted into the areas of the scalp that have become bare or where more hair needs to develop.

The FUE hair transplant method is often chosen over the FUT procedure as it is less invasive and there is negligible scarring. The patient can get over with downtime inside in less than 2 weeks. Thereafter, the FUE strategy is not a maintenance-free or scar-free method. There are some unusually critical well-being measures, and in addition, it must subsequently be considered to be held religiously.

This is a basic article on how modern hair transplantation works with a little review of the history of hair restoration to understand how far we have come today. When many of my patients come to see me, they are simply confused about how a hair transplant works and what they need to do to maintain their result over time.

Let’s go back to the beginning. Back in 1939 and 1942, Okuda and Tamura in Japan found that hair transplanted from behind to restore pubic hair loss would survive and grow. Due to public bathing rituals in Japan and a disease state in young Asian women suffering from pubic hair loss, this type of transplant proved to be an important step in knowing that hair transplanted from one area of ​​the body to another would thrive and survive. . However, it was not until the famous New York dermatologist Norman Orentreich in the 1950s that we knew that moving hair from the back of the head to the front of the head where there is baldness would not be lost over time as they original hair there. He called this phenomenon “donor dominance”, meaning that the hairs moving from the back of the head to an area of ​​genetic susceptibility to hair loss would preserve the properties of the donor hair and not be lost over time. This was the brilliant breakthrough we needed to know that the results continued to survive despite being transplanted into an area predisposed to hair loss.

If you are wondering why is hair on the back not susceptible to hair loss? Only God knows. However, that is the case. Think of the baldest man you know (who has not shaved his hair on the back of his head). He still has a piece of hair out there. Even the baldest man has a restrained horseshoe on the back of his head. The only trick when performing a hair transplant is then to know which area is “safe” for transplantation, ie. which area over time is not lost as the person gets older. This is a major reason why it can be problematic to transplant a person at the age of 20 years. We simply do not know how much hair on the back of the head does not fall out over time. Plus, we can simply run out of donor hair to transplant the head in front and maintain a natural result as more hairs (that were not transplanted) fall out as one gets older.

This verdict is really one of the most important characteristics that distinguishes an experienced hair transplant surgeon from a novice. It is a major prerequisite for performing safe hair transplant work to know who to operate on (that is, who is safe and who is not). With the laws of supply and demand, a person who has an enormous donor density, ie. there are many hair follicles per. Square centimeters in the donor area, in many cases cover a huge degree of baldness naturally and impressively. A surgeon’s use of grafts wisely in a good pattern distribution with good angulation will help ensure that the result is both natural and close considering a particular person’s degree of hair loss and usable donor hair supply.

The second question often asked is “Will the transplanted haaruitval be like the other hairs I have there that were not transplanted? Will I cut it the same way as my other hairs?” The answer is an emphatic yes. I further explain that a hair transplant procedure simply moves hair from one side of the head to the other like taking a flower out of a pot and moving it to another. It will grow in its new environment just like in the previous one. Although the number of transplanted hairs does not exactly match the lost hair, the surgeon can, using good technique, make 5,000 transplanted hairs (a typically large session) look like 50,000 lost hairs (the beginning of hair loss to the point that baldness becomes apparent.)

Free online learning courses are non-formal educational courses that are offered for free. The main difference between a formal online distance education program and a free online learning course is that no degree, diploma or certificate of completion is awarded for the latter. Although free courses can be informative and intellectually stimulating, no grades are awarded for them and there is no method available to assess your learning. It is entirely up to you to decide how far you want to push yourself and to set your own standards. The curriculum and content are not supervised by a qualified professional; there is also no way to compare their performance with that of their peers. Free online learning courses can be helpful if you want to improve your knowledge or gain skills in a particular topic or area of ​​interest on your Online learning resources.

A large number of free courses on various topics are available on the Internet. These include courses on topics such as health care, including anatomy, physiology, nursing, and dental treatment; information technology (computer programming, databases, office applications); business management including modules on marketing, entrepreneurship, sales; building and construction (plumbing, electricity, masonry); electronics, mathematics (from arithmetic to calculus); science (including astronomy, earth science, and physics).

It is advisable to do a credibility check before starting a free online course. Since almost anyone can post a free online course on the Internet, the quality of the content of online courses is often questionable. The good news is that renowned learning institutions such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, have made all course material available on the Internet. There is no charge to access this high-quality educational content from an internationally recognized institute and it is available to all interested students, regardless of the country they are in.